( a) A triplex helix structure plotted from RCSB protein data bank ( accessed on ). The chains are distorted around each other to form a tight and stable structure. It is formed in a triplex helix by three α chains ( Figure 1). There are four structural levels of a collagen protein including primary structure (amino acid triplet), secondary structure (the α-helix), tertiary structure (triple helix), and quaternary structure (fibrils).
Collagen fibrils form the main tension-resisting element of a complicated fiber-composite system in the ECM. In addition to blood cells, other cells in human tissues are residing in ECM. ECM is a non-cellular component within all tissues and organs and is a structural scaffold that can direct cell adhesion and migration, and regulate cellular growth and metabolism. It is also the most abundant protein in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Ĭollagen is one of the most abundant proteins in many living organisms because it plays a connective role in biological structures. There is a large demand for collagen in the food industry because it has high protein content and good functional properties such as water absorption capacity and the ability to form emulsions.
#COLLAGEN VS GELATIN THM SKIN#
It is an ingredient in dental composites, skin regeneration templates, and biodegradable matrices, and it has been used in cardiovascular surgery, plastic surgery, orthopedics, urology, neurology, and ophthalmology.
It also has been used as a safe and effective biomaterial in tissue engineering and clinical applications. Due to its low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility, it has been extensively studied as a polymer for use in many biomedical goods such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Collagen is considered to be one of the most useful biomaterials. The word collagen originates from a Greek word that “kola” means gum and “gen” means producing. It concludes that collagen-based medication is useful in treating comorbid diseases and preventing complications.Ĭollagen, an important protein produced by the body, is the main structural protein found in the skin, tendon, and bone. The comorbidity of these diseases might be closely related to collagen deficiency, and collagen treatment might be a good choice when a patient has more than one of these diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, the associations between these diseases were discussed. The collagen treatments were significant in these clinical studies. In this paper, the effects of collagen treatment in different clinical studies including skin regeneration, bone defects, sarcopenia, wound healing, dental therapy, gastroesophageal reflux, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis have been reviewed. Collagen products have been playing an important role in benefiting the health of the human body, especially for aging people. Increased knowledge of collagen sources, extraction techniques, structure, and properties in the last decades has helped develop more collagen-based products and tissue engineering biomaterials. Collagen, an abundant extracellular matrix protein, has been found to have a lot of pharmaceuticals, medicine, food, and cosmetics applications.
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